Ultrasonic Level Sensors - Operating Principle
Ultrasonic level sensors measure level by measuring the distance from the transmitter (usually located at the top of a vessel) to the surface of a process material located further below inside the vessel or tank. The time for a sound wave to travel back and forth the process material surface is used to calculate this distance, and is interpreted by the transmitter electronics as process level.
The transmitter electronics module contains all the power, computation, and signal processing circuits and an ultrasonic transducer. The transducer consists of one or more piezoelectric crystals for the transmission and reception of the sound waves. When electrical energy is applied to the piezoelectric crystals, they move to produce a sound signal. When the sound signal is reflected back, the movement of the reflected sound wave generates an electrical signal; this is detected as the return pulse. The transit time, which is measured as the time between the transmitted and return signals, is then used to infer the level of a vessel. The basic design of an Ultrasonic level instrument is shown below:
The transmitter electronics module contains all the power, computation, and signal processing circuits and an ultrasonic transducer. The transducer consists of one or more piezoelectric crystals for the transmission and reception of the sound waves. When electrical energy is applied to the piezoelectric crystals, they move to produce a sound signal. When the sound signal is reflected back, the movement of the reflected sound wave generates an electrical signal; this is detected as the return pulse. The transit time, which is measured as the time between the transmitted and return signals, is then used to infer the level of a vessel. The basic design of an Ultrasonic level instrument is shown below:
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