Feedback Control Modes: Proportional, Integral, Derivative

Feedback control is the most popular control system in use today in industrial control systems. The basic function of feedback control is to compute the error as the difference between the controlled variable and the set point; calculate and then output the signal to a control valve actuator based on the error.

To perform this function, feedback control can be operated in three modes:
(a) Proportional or Gain Mode
(b) The Integral or Reset Mode
(c) The Derivative or Rate Mode

Here we shall discuss the basic function and aspects of the Proportional, Integral and the Derivative modes of feedback control systems.

The Proportional Mode:
The purpose of the proportional mode is to cause an instantaneous response in the
controller output to changes in the error. The formula for the proportional mode is given by:
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