Class 10 science ch 8

Chapter 8 Diversity in living Organisms notes 

Class 10 science chapter 8 notes

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1. The production of new organisms from the existing organisms ofthe same species is known as reproduction.

2. Asexual Reproduction : Modes of sexual reproduction used are binary fission, multiple fission, Budding, spore formation, regeneration, vegetative propagation, tissue culture, fragmentation

3. Sexual Reproduction : In sexual reproduction, a male gamete (germ cells) fuses with a female gamete to form a new cell called ‘zygote’. This zygote then grows and develop into a new organism in due course of time.

When male gamete and female gamete fuse, they form a zygote and the process is known as fertilization.

Fertilization is of two types :- External fertilization and Internal fertilization.

4. Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants :

Flower is meant essentially for sexual reproduction.

Pollination is the process in which pollen grains are transferred from the anther to stigma of the carpel. It is of two types self pollination and cross-pollination.

♦ In the fertilization process primary endospermic nucleus is formed.

♦ After the fertilization process, ovary developes into the fruit whereas ovules into the seed.

5. Reproduction in Human Being : The sex organ in males are testes and ova in females.

Male reproductive organ consist of a pair of testes, vasdeferens, a pair of epididymis, a pair of ejaculatory duct, urethra, pairs of accessory gland. 

Part of the female reproductive part consists of a pair of ovaries, a pair of fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, external genitalia, mammals and auxiliary glands.  The ovaries produce female gametes (eggs or eggs) and the female sex hormone (estrogen).

 If there is semen, the egg is fertilized at the top of the fallopian tube.

 : Bleeding, which is accompanied by the secretion of soft tissues of the reproductive system, is the flow of the uterine cycle.  It lasts 3-5 days.

 Stage The secretion period lasts 12-14 days.

 The process of fertilization takes place in the fallopian tube.  In this process, a fertilized egg is formed.  In this process, the uterine rose attached to the fetus is produced.  During this time

 Each produces two hormones, estrogen and progesterone.

 Progesterone stops menstruation and prevents ovulation.  Placenta protects the body from disease.  As the muscles of the uterus contract, the young are expelled, and this process is called childbirth.

 ♦ If the egg does not fertilize, it will live for about a day.  Because the ovaries release one egg each month, the uterus also prepares it every month to receive a fertilized egg.

 Of 45-50 years after menstruation stops, and the process is called menopause.

 Control Fertility can be chemically, mechanically or surgically controlled.

 6. RH barrier methods

 (I) Mechanical Prohibition Method.  Tools include condoms, flower caps, diaphragm and ICDU method.

 Hormonal method.  It is used by women to suppress egg production.  That is, oral tablets that are scheduled after the morning pills.

 (Iii) Chemical contraceptives.  These are creams, jellies and foams that are placed in the vagina to kill semen during intercourse.

 (4) surgical equipment.

 (A) Vasectomy.  The two respectable male vessels are obstructed by cutting a small piece of the rest.  This prevents semen from passing from tests to semen.

 (B) Pipe discharge.  A portion of each fallopian tube is removed to block the passage of the egg

 7. Sexually transmitted diseases

 It is a group of infections caused by pathogens that are transmitted sexually through various types of sexual health.  Sexually transmitted diseases are also called venereal diseases (VD).  About 30 different types of STDs are known.  For example, gonorrhea, syphilis, trichomoniasis, genital warts and AIDS.

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