Socrates: He lived in Athens about four hundred years before Jesus Christ was born. As a boy he was ugly, undersized and had a flat nose and bulging eyes. His father was a poor stone cutter, so he was always rather shabbily dressed. He did not have a big house or fine furniture.
Plato: He was Socrates pupil.
Crito: He was Socrates pupil.
THEME
Socrates wanted Athens to be a perfect state. This could only happen if every citizen educated his own mind to see what was right and noble. So he did his best to teach everyone to think for himself.
SUMMARY
Socrates lived in Athens. He would go round the town to talk to the people. He told everyone that Athens could become a perfect state, if citizens educated their minds to see what was right and noble, true and beautiful.As a boy he was ugly, undersized and had a flat nose and bulging eyes. His father was a poor stone cutter, so he was always rather shabbily dressed. He did not have a big house or fine furniture.Like other boys of his age he went to school, where the most important lessons were music and gymnastics. He also learned some science and mathematics and a little about the stars.Socrates did not seem to want either wealth or beautiful possessions. He gave his mind to all that was noble, honorable and just and became a famous teacher. He believed that questioning and discussion would help them do this and so he was forever talking to them in the open streets.When Socrates was an old man, his fame had spread far and wide. He had many pupils and among them was Plato, who treasured every word spoken by Socrates. There were some people who did not approve of him. Many people thought that he was leading the young astray, questioning all that they had been taught to believe and filling their minds with doubt.The men summoned Socrates for a trial. His friends begged him to escape or to hide until the storm had blown over. But Socrates was no coward. He made a powerful and dignified speech. The judges condemned him to death. The old man made no complaint.He told his pupils that no evil can happen to a good man either in life or after death, so be of good cheer. The soldiers came and took him to prison. He was given a cup of poison to drink. In the end he asked his pupil Crito to pay his debt and died in peace.उदाहरण 1
प्रश्न:
Who was Socrates? Where did he live?
उत्तर:
Socrates lived in Athens. He would go round the town to talk to the people. He told everyone that Athens could become a perfect state, if citizens educated their minds to see what was right and noble, true and beautiful.
उदाहरण 2
प्रश्न:
What was important lessons in his school?
उत्तर:
The most important lessons were music and gymnastics. He also learned some science and mathematics and a little about the stars.
उदाहरण 3
प्रश्न:
What was the system of death sentence in Athens?
उत्तर:
In Athens, sentence to death was carried out by giving a cup of poison to the culprit to drink.
उदाहरण 4
प्रश्न:
What did Socrates say before drinking the poison?
उत्तर:
He was given a cup of poison to drink. In the end he asked his pupil Crito to pay his debt and died in peace.
उदाहरण 5
प्रश्न:
Why did Socrates go to the court?
उत्तर:
Socrates was accused of leading the young astray and filling their minds with doubts about old beliefs by asking questions. Thus, he was corrupting them. Athenian Government summoned him to appear before them to stand a trial.
उदाहरण 6
प्रश्न:
Why was Socrates aim in talking to people?
उत्तर:
Socrates’ aim in talking to people was to educate their mind to see what was right and noble, true and beautiful and to shape their own conduct accordingly.
उदाहरण 7
प्रश्न:
Why were his pupils sad?
उत्तर:
Socrates’ pupils were sad because they knew that he would die soon. They thought that they were about to pass their life as orphans.
उदाहरण 8
प्रश्न:
What feelings did the jailor express to Socrates while giving the cup of poison?
उत्तर:
Giving the cup of poison to Socrates, the jailor praised him and told him that he was a good person and he felt sad for him and showed his respect and appreciation.
उदाहरण 9
प्रश्न:
What did the jailor say to Socrates before giving him a cup of poison?
उत्तर:
Giving the cup of poison to Socrates, the jailor told him that he would not be angry with him because others, and not he, were responsible for it.
उदाहरण 10
प्रश्न:
Who was Crito? What did Socrates say to him before death?
उत्तर:
Crito was one of the pupils of Socrates. With the unfinished cup of poison in his hand, Socrates remembering something requested Crito to give a cock to Aesculapius which he owed to him.
उदाहरण 11
प्रश्न:
What did Socrates often talk to the people of Athens?
उत्तर:
He taught his countrymen that everyone must learn to think for himself so that by using his reason he would have the power to see what was right, just, true and beautiful.
उदाहरण 12
प्रश्न:
Why did Socrates not listen to his friend’s advice either to escape or hide until the storm had blown over?
उत्तर:
Socrates’ friends advised him to escape or hide. Socrates did not listen to his friends’ advice because he knew that he had done nothing wrong and he was not a coward.
उदाहरण 13
प्रश्न:
What did Socrates try to teach the people by talking to them?
उत्तर:
Socrates’ aim in talking to people was to educate their mind to see what was right and noble, true and beautiful and to shape their own conduct accordingly. Socrates was a Greek philosopher. Many young men in his country loved him for his wisdom. He taught his countrymen that everyone must learn to think for himself so that by using his reason he would have the power to see what was right, just, true and beautiful.
उदाहरण 14
प्रश्न:
What did Socrates say to the judges in the court?
उत्तर:
Socrates told the judges in the court that they would gain nothing by taking away the last few years of his life, but he was willing to die many deaths for what he believed to be right.
उदाहरण 15
प्रश्न:
What did Socrates want Athens to be? What did he ask the Athenians to do to achieve this end?
उत्तर:
Socrates wanted Athens to be a perfect state. He told Athenians that this could only happen if every citizen educated his mind to see what was right and noble.
उदाहरण 16
प्रश्न:
Why was Socrates punished?
उत्तर:
Socrates was accused of leading the young astray and filling their minds with doubts about old beliefs by asking questions. Thus, he was corrupting them. Athenian Government summoned him to appear before them to stand a trial.
उदाहरण 17
प्रश्न:
What great qualities of Socrates are brought out in the lesson?
उत्तर:
Socrates was a preacher in the streets of Athens. He lived there about 400 B.Ç. He was a keen observer and allowed very few things to escape from his notice. He said that there were higher and nobler deeds than making sacrifices to Athene and the other Gods of Greece. He preached people to know themselves and asked them to see what was right, just, true and beautiful. Socrates became famous because he chose the streets for talking to people. He would question them, argue with them and then would leave them to think for themselves. His fame had spread far and wide. A special group of pupils like Plato gathered around him and followed him wherever he went.
उदाहरण 18
प्रश्न:
Who was Socrates? What was he accused of?
उत्तर:
Socrates told his countrymen that everyone must learn to think for himself so that by using his reason he would have the power to see what was right, just, true and beautiful, and so shape his own conduct. But although many people loved the old man and delighted in his wisdom, there were some who did not approve of him. His ideas seemed to some people a new wicked idea. These people thought that he was leading the young astray. During the trial, Socrates made a powerful and dignified speech. The judges listened to him, questioned him and condemned him to death. The old man made no complaint.
उदाहरण 19
प्रश्न:
Give a character-sketch of Socrates.
उत्तर:
Socrates was a preacher in the streets of Athens. He lived there about 400 B.Ç. He was a keen observer and allowed very few things to escape from his notice. He said that there were higher and nobler deeds than making sacrifices to Athene and the other Gods of Greece. He preached people to know themselves and asked them to see what was right, just, true and beautiful. Socrates became famous because he chose the streets for talking to people. He would question them, argue with them and then would leave them to think for themselves. His fame had spread far and wide. A special group of pupils like Plato gathered around him and followed him wherever he went.
उदाहरण 20
प्रश्न:
Who was Socrates? What were his teachings?
उत्तर:
Socrates was a preacher in the streets of Athens. He lived there about 400 B.Ç. He was a keen observer and allowed very few things to escape from his notice. He said that there were higher and nobler deeds than making sacrifices to Athene and the other Gods of Greece. He preached people to know themselves and asked them to see what was right, just, true and beautiful. Socrates became famous because he chose the streets for talking to people. He would question them, argue with them and then would leave them to think for themselves. His fame had spread far and wide. A special group of pupils like Plato gathered around him and followed him wherever he went.
उदाहरण 21
प्रश्न:
Why and how was Socrates trialed in the court?
उत्तर:
Socrates told his countrymen that everyone must learn to think for himself so that by using his reason he would have the power to see what was right, just, true and beautiful, and so shape his own conduct. But although many people loved the old man and delighted in his wisdom, there were some who did not approve of him. His ideas seemed to some people a new wicked idea. These people thought that he was leading the young astray. During the trial, Socrates made a powerful and dignified speech. The judges listened to him, questioned him and condemned him to death. The old man made no complaint.
उदाहरण 22
प्रश्न:
What happened in the jail before Socrates’s death? What did the jailor say to Socrates?
उत्तर:
When Socrates was given to drink the cup of poison, one of his pupils sobbed aloud. Others also could not control and soon the room was filled with the sound of weeping. Crito was one of the pupils of Socrates. With the unfinished cup of poison in his hand, Socrates remembering something requested Crito to give a cock to Aesculapius which he owed to him.
उदाहरण 23
प्रश्न:
Why does the writer call Socrates,” The Greatest of all Greeks”?
उत्तर:
Socrates was a preacher in the streets of Athens. He lived there about 400 B.Ç. He was a keen observer and allowed very few things to escape from his notice. He said that there were higher and nobler deeds than making sacrifices to Athene and the other Gods of Greece. He preached people to know themselves and asked them to see what was right, just, true and beautiful. Socrates became famous because he chose the streets for talking to people. He would question them, argue with them and then would leave them to think for themselves. His fame had spread far and wide. A special group of pupils like Plato gathered around him and followed him wherever he went.
उदाहरण 24
प्रश्न:
What did Socrates ask his countrymen to do, to make Athens a perfect state?
उत्तर:
Socrates wanted Athens to be a perfect state. He told Athenians that this could only happen if every citizen educated his mind to see what was right and noble. Socrates told his countrymen that everyone must learn to think for himself so that by using his reason he would have the power to see what was right, just, true and beautiful, and so shape his own conduct.
उदाहरण 25
प्रश्न:
What was Socrates accused of? How did he face his trial?
उत्तर:
Socrates told his countrymen that everyone must learn to think for himself so that by using his reason he would have the power to see what was right, just, true and beautiful, and so shape his own conduct. But although many people loved the old man and delighted in his wisdom, there were some who did not approve of him. His ideas seemed to some people a new wicked idea. These people thought that he was leading the young astray. During the trial, Socrates made a powerful and dignified speech. The judges listened to him, questioned him and condemned him to death. The old man made no complaint.
उदाहरण 26
प्रश्न:
What punishment was given to Socrates by the judges? What was Socrates reaction against it?
उत्तर:
Socrates was condemned to death for leading the young astray. According to him man’s own mind influenced his conduct more than the gods. This seemed to some people a new and wicked idea. Socrates used to ask question and argue the young men to make them realise what is right and wrong. Some people thought that he was leading the young astray. Socrates was condemned to death for impiety and corrupting the minds of Athenians. After the death sentence, Socrates made no complaint. He told his pupils that no harm could come to a good man in life or after death. He asked his pupils to be of good cheer’.
उदाहरण 27
प्रश्न:
a) As a boy he was ……….. comfort and pleasure.
Write the title of the lesson from which the above noted passage has been taken. Who is the writer of this lesson?
उत्तर:
The title of the lesson is Socrates. The writer of this lesson is Rhoda Power.
उदाहरण 28
प्रश्न:
As a boy he was ……….. comfort and pleasure.
Describe the physical appearance of Socrates.
उत्तर:
As a boy he was ugly, undersized and had a flat nose and bulging eyes.
उदाहरण 29
प्रश्न:
As a boy he was ……….. comfort and pleasure.
What were the most important lessons at school? What other subjects did he learn at school?
उत्तर:
The most important lessons taught in school were music and gymnastics. He also learned some science and mathematics and a little about the stars, but not nearly so much history and geography as children learn today.
उदाहरण 30
प्रश्न:
1. As a boy he was ……….. comfort and pleasure.
What kind of attitude did he develop as he grew older?
उत्तर:
As he grew older, he began to think very little of bodily comfort and pleasure. He gave his mind to all that was noble, honorable and just.
उदाहरण 31
प्रश्न:
1. As a boy he was ……….. comfort and pleasure.
Point out those two words in the passage which have the following meanings:
Badly or tidily
Classmates.
उत्तर:
Shabbily, pupils
उदाहरण 32
प्रश्न:
But although many people ……. their minds with doubt.
Write the name of the lesson from which the above noted passage has been taken. Who is the author of this lesson?
उत्तर:
The title of the lesson is Socrates. The writer of this lesson is Rhoda Power.
उदाहरण 33
प्रश्न:
But although many people ……. their minds with doubt.
Why did some people not like Socrates?
उत्तर:
Some people found his ways new and wicked. He taught that man’s own mind influenced his conduct more than the Gods.
उदाहरण 34
प्रश्न:
But although many people ……. their minds with doubt.
Why did many people love Socrates?
उत्तर:
Socrates became a famous teacher. When Socrates was an old man, his fame had spread far and wide. The house of many a rich man opened its doors to him, for people felt honored to have him ad their guest.
उदाहरण 35
प्रश्न:
But although many people ……. their minds with doubt.
What idea of Socrates seemed to some people new and wicked?
उत्तर:
He taught that man’s own mind influenced his conduct more than the Gods.
उदाहरण 36
प्रश्न:
But although many people ……. their minds with doubt.
Pick out the words in the passage which mean the same as:
In wrong direction
Suspicion.
उत्तर:
Astray, doubt
उदाहरण 37
प्रश्न:
But although many people ……. their minds with doubt.
What did Socrates teach the people of Athens?
उत्तर:
He taught that man’s own mind influenced his conduct more than the Gods.
उदाहरण 38
प्रश्न:
The men who were governing ……… believed to be right.
Write the name of the lesson from which the above noted passage has been taken. Who is the author of this lesson?
उत्तर:
The title of the lesson is Socrates. The writer of this lesson is Rhoda Power.
उदाहरण 39
प्रश्न:
The men who were governing ……… believed to be right.
Who summoned Socrates to appear before them and who requested Socrates to escape?
उत्तर:
The men who were governing Athens summoned Socrates to appear before them and his friends begged him to escape.
उदाहरण 40
प्रश्न:
The men who were governing ……… believed to be right.
What did everyone know about Socrates and why was Socrates willing to die?
उत्तर:
Everyone knew Socrates as a person with a noble heart beat under the shabby garments.
उदाहरण 41
प्रश्न:
The men who were governing ……… believed to be right.
who made a powerful and dignified speech?
उत्तर:
Socrates made a powerful and dignified speech.
उदाहरण 42
प्रश्न:
The men who were governing ……… believed to be right.
Write the words used in the passage which have the following meanings:
called
respectful
उत्तर:
summoned, dignified
उदाहरण 43
प्रश्न:
The judges listened to him ……. They treasured in their hearts.
Write the name of the lesson from which the above noted passage has been taken. Who is the author of this lesson?
उत्तर:
The title of the lesson is Socrates. The writer of this lesson is Rhoda Power.
उदाहरण 44
प्रश्न:
The judges listened to him ……. They treasured in their hearts.
What punishment was given to Socrates by the judges?
उत्तर:
He was condemned to death.
उदाहरण 45
प्रश्न:
The judges listened to him ……. They treasured in their hearts.
What did Socrates say to his followers in the court room after hearing the judgement?
उत्तर:
He told them no evil can happen to a good man either in life or after death, so be good cheer.
उदाहरण 46
प्रश्न:
The judges listened to him ……. They treasured in their hearts.
What procedure was adopted by the judges in holding the trial of Socrates?
उत्तर:
The soldiers took him to away to prison.
उदाहरण 47
प्रश्न:
The judges listened to him ……. They treasured in their hearts.
Write the antonyms of the following words:
departure
evil.
उत्तर:
Arrival, holy
उदाहरण 48
प्रश्न:
In Athens, when people ………. A cup of poison.
How was the sentence to death carried out in Athens?
उत्तर:
When people were condemned to die, they were given a cup of poison.
उदाहरण 49
प्रश्न:
In Athens, when people ………. A cup of poison.
What feeling did the jailor express to Socrates while giving him the cup of poison?
उत्तर:
The jailor expressed sadness while giving him the cup of poison.
उदाहरण 50
प्रश्न:
In Athens, when people ………. A cup of poison.
Why did the jailor burst into tears?
उत्तर:
The jailor burst into tears as he knew he was asking an innocent man to drink poison.
उदाहरण 51
प्रश्न:
In Athens, when people ………. A cup of poison.
Point out the words from the passage which mean the same as:
Criminal
agreed
उत्तर:
culprit, accepted
उदाहरण 52
प्रश्न:
Socrates went round ………. to them in the open streets.
Write the name of the lesson from which the above noted passage has been taken. Who is the author of this lesson?
उत्तर:
The title of the lesson is Socrates. The writer of this lesson is Rhoda Power.
उदाहरण 53
प्रश्न:
Socrates went round ………. to them in the open streets.
What did he tell to his countrymen?
उत्तर:
Everyone must learn to think for himself, so that by using his reason he would have the power to see what was right.
उदाहरण 54
प्रश्न:
Socrates went round ………. to them in the open streets.
What was Socrates aim? How could aim be achieved, according to him?
उत्तर:
Socrates wanted Athens to be a perfect state. This could only happen if every citizen educated his own mind to see what was right and noble.
उदाहरण 55
प्रश्न:
Socrates went round ………. to them in the open streets.
What did Socrates do? What were his teachings?
उत्तर:
Socrates was a famous teacher and he taught that one should use his own reason and think for himself.
उदाहरण 56
प्रश्न:
Socrates went round ………. to them in the open streets.
Why and how Socrates trialed in the court?
उत्तर:
Some people found his ways new and wicked. He taught that man’s own mind influenced his conduct more than the Gods. Men who were governing Athens summoned Socrates to appear before them and his friends begged him to escape.
उदाहरण 57
प्रश्न:
Socrates went round ………. to them in the open streets.
What happened in the jail before Socrates’s death? What did the jailor say to Socrates?
उत्तर:
The jailor brought poison to Socrates with sadness and asked him to not be angry with him for asking him to drink the poison.
उदाहरण 58
प्रश्न:
Socrates went round ………. to them in the open streets.
Why does the writer call Socrates,” The Greatest of all Greeks”?
उत्तर:
The writer called Socrates “The greatest of all Greeks” because he was noblest person to ever live in Athens.
उदाहरण 59
प्रश्न:
Socrates went round ………. to them in the open streets.
What did Socrates ask his countrymen to do to make Athens a perfect state?
उत्तर:
Socrates wanted Athens to be a perfect state. This could only happen if every citizen educated his own mind to see what was right and noble.
उदाहरण 60
प्रश्न:
Socrates went round ………. to them in the open streets.
What was Socrates accused of? How did he face his trial?
उत्तर:
Some people found his ways new and wicked. He taught that man’s own mind influenced his conduct more than the Gods. Men who were governing Athens summoned Socrates to appear before them and his friends begged him to escape.
उदाहरण 61
प्रश्न:
Socrates went round ………. to them in the open streets.
What punishment was given to Socrates by the judges? What was Socrates reaction against it?
उत्तर:
He was condemned to death and he did not make any complaints.
उदाहरण 62
प्रश्न:
Socrates had to stand a trial because:
a) he made sacrifices
b) he was wicked
c) he taught people to question
d) talking in open streets was against law
उत्तर:
c) he taught people to question
उदाहरण 63
प्रश्न:
when Socrates was condemned to death he:
a) was not happy
b) shed tears
c) complained to the judges
d) was not disturbed
उत्तर:
d) was not disturbed
उदाहरण 64
प्रश्न:
Socrates used to go round the town because:
a) he liked walking
b) he was confused
c) he wanted to talk to people
d) he wanted to visit his friends
उत्तर:
c) he wanted to talk to people
उदाहरण 65
प्रश्न:
People loved Socrates for his:
a) good personality
b) noble heart
c) simple living
d) sweet tongue
उत्तर:
b) noble heart
उदाहरण 66
प्रश्न:
Socrates was a coward man.
उत्तर:
FALSE
उदाहरण 67
प्रश्न:
Socrates became sad when he heard the judgement.
उत्तर:
FALSE
उदाहरण 68
प्रश्न:
Socrates was never smartly dressed.
उत्तर:
TRUE
उदाहरण 69
प्रश्न:
Socrates was never smartly dressed.
उत्तर:
FALSE
उदाहरण 70
प्रश्न:
Socrates was never smartly dressed.
उत्तर:
TRUE
उदाहरण 71
प्रश्न:
Our team has won the match.
उत्तर:
lost
उदाहरण 72
प्रश्न:
The greedy seller was very rude.
उत्तर:
polite
उदाहरण 73
प्रश्न:
Drivers of vehicles should never fail to give the right signals.
उत्तर:
wrong
उदाहरण 74
प्रश्न:
Look, that woman is awake too.
उत्तर:
asleep
उदाहरण 75
प्रश्न:
Socrates was not tall.
उत्तर:
short
उदाहरण 76
प्रश्न:
Socrates was not tall.
उत्तर:
conduct
उदाहरण 77
प्रश्न:
Plato carefully heard and remembered every word spoken by his master.
उत्तर:
treasured
उदाहरण 78
प्रश्न:
List‘A’
Bulging
Wealth
Familiar
Fame
Uttered
Paused
List ‘B’
Riches
Coming out
Reputation
Known
Stopped
Said
उत्तर:
List ‘A’
Bulging -coming out
Wealth- Riches
Familiar- Known
Fame- Reputation
Uttered- said
Paused -stopped
उदाहरण 79
प्रश्न:
List ‘A’
Homage
Reluctant
Fame
Mourn
List ‘B’
Unwilling
Tribute
Express sorrow
Reputation
उत्तर:
Homage- tribute
Reluctant- unwilling
Fame- reputation
Mourn- express sorrow
उदाहरण 80
प्रश्न:
List ’A’
Fame
Appreciate
Wealth
Puzzled
List ‘B’
Confused
Reputation
Admire
Riches
उत्तर:
Fame- Reputation
Appreciate- Admire
Wealth- Riches
Puzzled- Confused
उदाहरण 81
प्रश्न:
List ‘A’
Forsake
Scattered
Far and wide
Delighted
List’B’
Took pleasure
To distant places
Thrown here and there
Leave alone in a helpless condition
उत्तर:
Forsake- Leave alone in a helpless condition
Scattered- Thrown here and there
Far and wide- To distant places
Delighted- Took pleasure
उदाहरण 82
प्रश्न:
have you ……. any bribe?
उत्तर:
have you accepted any bribe?
उदाहरण 83
प्रश्न:
My friends are …… confused after he had talked to Mahesh.
उत्तर:
My friends are often confused after he had talked to Mahesh.
उदाहरण 84
प्रश्न:
Plato …… every word uttered by Socrates in his heart. My friends are …… confused after he had talked to Mahesh.
उत्तर:
Plato treasured every word uttered by Socrates in his heart.
उदाहरण 85
प्रश्न:
Socrates was no ……… so he went to the court.
उत्तर:
Plato treasured every word uttered by Socrates in his heart.
GLOSSARY
Possessions- belongings, संपत्ति
Creature- being, जंतु
Argued- discussed with reason, तर्क दिया
Dignified- honour, अभिमानी
Sacrificed- offered something, बलिदान
Departure- death, प्रस्थान
Summoned- called for, तलब
Wicked- evil, शैतान
Bereaved-deprived, वंचित
Distressed- pained, व्यथित
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