Chemistry Aldehyde And Ketones PDF Notes And MCQS Vibrant Medical Institute For CEE

 Chemistry Aldehyde And Ketones  PDF Notes Vibrant Medical Institute For CEE 

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ALDEHYDE AND KETONES ORGANIC CHEMISTRY FOR CEE

Aldehydes and ketones are the simplest and most important carbonyl compounds.

Aldehydes and ketones are often called by their common names instead of IUPAC names. The common names of most aldehydes are derived from the common names of the corresponding carboxylic acids . by replacing the ending( –ic) of acid with aldehyde. At the same time, the names reflect the Latin or Greek term for the original source of the acid or aldehyde. The location of the substituent in the carbon chain is indicated by Greek letters α, β, γ, δ, etc. The α-carbon being the one directly linked to the aldehyde group

The oxygen is also sp2 hybridized, with the 2 lone pairs occupying sp2 orbitals. This leaves one electron in a p orbital. These p orbitals form the carbon oxygen  bond. The C=O double bond is like a C=C double bond except the carbonyl double bond is shorter and stronger. The carbonyl group has a large dipole moment due to the polarity of the double bond. Oxygen is more electronegative than carbon, and so the bond is polarized toward the oxygen. The attraction of the weakly held  electrons toward oxygen can be represented by the two following resonance structures.

MCQS

1) Which type of compound does not contain a carbonyl group?

 A) ketone B) aldehyde C) amine D) ester E) carboxylic acid 1) 

 2) Which functional group contains a carbonyl group and a hydroxyl group bonded to the same carbon atom? 

A) ester B) amide C) ketone D) aldehyde E) carboxylic acid 2)

 3) Which functional group contains a carbonyl group and an ether linkage bonded to the same carbon atom? 

A) amide B) ketone C) carboxylic acid D) ester E) aldehyde 3)

 4) One of the major differences between aldehydes and ketones as compared to other carbonyl compounds is that in aldehydes and ketones

 A) the carbonyl carbon has bond angles of 120°C, unlike the comparable bond angles in other carbonyl compounds. B) the polar carbon-oxygen bond is less reactive than the hydrocarbon portion of the molecule. C) the molar masses tend to be much smaller than in the other types of compounds. D) the carbonyl group carbon atom is bonded to atoms that do not attract electrons strongly. E) none of the above 4) 

5) The carbonyl group is 

A) found only in aldehydes and ketones. B) produced by reduction reactions of primary or secondary alcohols. C) a functional group in which carbon and oxygen are joined by a double bond. D) a general term for any functional group involving a carbon-oxygen bond. E) a functional group with a 6-membered ring where at least one atom is oxygen. 5)

 6) All of the statements concerning the carbonyl group in aldehydes and ketones are true except 

A) The bond is polar, with a slight negative charge on the oxygen atom. B) The bond angles about the central carbon atom are 120°. C) Because the bond is polar, carbonyl groups readily form hydrogen bonds with each other. D) In condensed form the carbonyl group can be written as -CHO. E) The carbonyl group is planar. 

15) The IUPAC name for dimethyl ketone is A) 3-propanal. B) 2-propanone. C) acetone. D) 1-propanone. E) 2-propanal. 15)

 16) The correct name for CH3CH(CH3)CH2CHO is A) 3-methyl-1-butanone. B) 2-methylbutanal. C) 3-methylbutanal. D) isopentanal. E) 3-methyl-1-butanal. 16) 

17) The correct name for CH3CH(CH3)CH2COCH3 is A) isobutyl acetone. B) 2-methyl-4-butanone. C) 4-methyl-2-butanone. D) 4-methyl-2-pentanone. E) 2-methyl-4-pentanone. 17)

 18) What is the IUPAC name of the compound shown? A) 4-heptanone B) 2-methyl-3-hexanone C) 3-heptanone D) isopropyl n-propyl ketone E) 4-methyl-5-hexanone 18) 

19) What is the IUPAC name of the compound shown? A) isopentanal B) 2-methyl-4-butanone C) 2-methyl-1-butanone D) 2-methylbutanal E) 3-methylbutanal 19)

 20) Which of the following names does not fit a real compound? A) 3-octanone B) 2-butanone C) 3-methyl-3-pentanone D) all are correct E) 3-methyl-1-pentanone